Eukaryotic cells can look very different from each other, depending on what their function is. However, they all have the same basic components; a nucleus where DNA is stored, and mitochondria, needed for releasing energy. But how did the eukaryotic cell itself evolve, allowing multiellular organisms to exist? Evidence shows that eukaryotic cells (like ours), descended from separate prokaryotic cells which joined together. Scientists believe that the mitochondrion itself is the descendant of a bacterium which was engulfed by another cell. Rather than being eaten though, it stayed there permanently. The host cell benefited from the energy the mitochondrion produced. The mitochondrion benefited from the nutrients all around it. Perfect symbiosis, or team work as we would say!!
If you are in Year 7 or above, you need to be able to recognise different specialised cells. You should also be able to label some of these and explain how they are adapted to their function.
To help you understand, check out Part 2 of our “How to work with Cell Biology” guide. This describes the structure of different cells, and how they are adapted. It also includes some GCSE questions for you to practice, and answers to check your understanding.
Click on the picture below to see the guide.
If you found this useful and think you would benefit from some additional help please contact us.
